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科学家们种植辛辣的番茄是为了满足味蕾还是其他什么？_我的网站

A | 辛辣的食物在世界各地很受欢迎。辣椒素是“热”食物味道的活性成分，是一种具有独特性质的化学物质，使食物美味可口。然而，辣椒素生产植物（辣椒科或辣椒）通常较小，产量相对较低。现在，科学家们想出了一个替代方案：设计番茄植株来生产辣椒素。    NEW YORK -- Qatar Airways Group chief executive Akbar Al Baker is stepping down after 27 years leading the company.Al Baker's retirement will go into effect Nov. 5, Qatar Airways said Monday. He will be succeeded by Badr Mohammed Al-Meer — who currently serves as the chief operating officer of Hamad International Airport in Doha, the hub of Qatar's national carrier.In Monday's announcement, Qatar Airways said that it “has grown to become one of the most recognisable and trusted brands globally” under Al Baker's leadership. The company pointed to seven “World's Best Airline” wins, among other allocates.During his tenure at Qatar Airways, Al Baker became known for being one of the most outspoken leaders in the airline industry — with a hard-changing, sometimes confrontational approach that carried into negotiations with manufacturers and others.Al Baker has also made some controversial comments over his career — including suggesting that women can’t run airlines and for calling American carriers “crap” and that their passengers were “always being served by grandmothers.” He later apologized for both remarks.Last year, Al Baker lashed out at critics of Qatar hosting the FIFA World Cup, saying his nation will “always rub salt into the wound” of its adversaries — following concerns from some other countries and soccer teams over how Qatar manages its vast population of low-paid migrant workers and its stance on LGBTQ rights.In July, Qatar Airways reported a profit of $1.2 billion over the last fiscal year, boosted in part by the country’s hosting of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. That's down slightly from the $1.5 billion profit posted the year prior — in part due to a spike in operating expenses, particularly in jet fuels as energy prices rose after the grip of the pandemic loosened and air travel resumed.Qatar Airway's earned revenue of $20.9 billion over the fiscal year, up from $14.4 billion the year before.。如果一切顺利，总有一天你可以享用热番茄，甚至从热番茄中提取的辣椒素。研究表明，番茄具有生产辣椒素所需的所有遗传信息。”我们知道所有的基因都存在于番茄中，”科学家阿古斯丁·兹恩说。本文通过介绍番茄如何产生辣椒素，将植物转化为“生物工厂”和辛辣小吃，提出了一种激活番茄遗传机制的基因编辑方法。

B | 这个“生物工厂”可以生产比目前更多的化学品。

C | 番茄有一个类似辣椒素的遗传途径，类似于辣椒中的辣椒素，因为这两种南美植物是相关的。”在我们的实验室里，我们研究了这两个物种，”zsgn说。去年，他的研究小组利用基因编辑技术“驯化”了野生番茄，在几代人的时间内培育出比野生番茄多出果实的品种。这个过程实际上类似于种植作物的过程——早期的农民种植了每一代产量最高的植物，这样他们的基因信息就可以存活下来。zsgn说，与辣椒素生产相关的遗传途径非常复杂，很难打开这条途径。辛辣的西红柿可能有一些新的烹饪意义，但更重要的是，它们可以作为辣椒素的生物工厂。

D | 这些化合物有医疗用途。虽然辣椒素是最有名的，但辣椒中有五种天然辣椒素。它们在工业应用中有一定的地位，例如癌症治疗、抗炎和止痛药，甚至胡椒喷雾。

E | 为什么不多加些辣椒呢？与土豆、西红柿和烟草不同，辣椒以劳动和生长困难而臭名昭著。因此，研究人员认为辣味番茄可以产生更多的辣椒素。然而，并不是每个人都同意这种方法。乔治亚大学的植物遗传学家和分子生物学家埃丝特·范德克纳普指出，辣椒有很多种。”番茄的生产确实可以这样优化，”她承认，但与辣椒不同，家养番茄不是一种多样化的作物。

F | 范德纳普说，辣椒更有可能针对不同的生长条件进行优化。

G | ”我认为大自然提供了这个特殊的生物工厂。加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校的植物遗传学研究人员艾伦·范德因茨同意范德克纳佩的批评。他说，辣椒是一个“巨大而有效的辣椒素工厂”。相比之下，西红柿需要更多的水，因为它们很软，所以更难处理。他更感兴趣的是看到在番茄生物工厂工作的研究人员转向更难培养的化合物。他说，他们可以通过生产辣椒素来操纵番茄中的香兰素途径，并将这种水果用作昂贵而困难的豆类的生物工厂。

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